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The Capital Ambition guide to behaviour change

The capital guide to behavour ChangeCan public agencies succeed in changing individual behaviour to make society greener, healthier, more caring, less anti-social?

Increasingly, local councils, health and other public bodies are trying to do this - because desirable social outcomes (or specific targets such as increasing participation in sports) are not simply a question of doing more of the same and because in future there will be less money for the public sector to do things.

The Capital Ambition guide to behaviour change rounds up new thinking and research from behavioural economics and other disciplines, and highlights ways to make these insights useful to practitioners. It also presents case studies of initiatives already underway in London that are using behaviour change approaches - from promoting sustainable travel to tackling knife crime.

The guide is a tool for those who will develop policy for, plan and implement behaviour change interventions. Key messages include -

  • The new insights being applied to behaviour change in existing and further experimentation offer great potential to meet pressing social problems
  • Public managers need to learn to recognise and work with the wide range of external, internal and social factors and motivations that shape behaviour
  • Segmentation is key: understanding and targeting different groups (not just young and old and other demographics but also degrees of barriers or motivation)
  • Behaviour change is complex, needs multiple approaches and there are no quick fixes.

The guide is work-in-progress of the London Collaborative - a programme funded by Capital Ambition which aims to build innovation and capacity to meet longer term challenges across London's public sector.

We developed this work with participants from boroughs across London and it reflects their insights, including the need to draw on the experience of staff and to change how public sector organisations work. The document includes tools to support this as well as checklists for designing behaviour change interventions and methods of evaluating them.

It is not the ‘final word' on behaviour change and we hope to add more case studies and information on ‘what works' as current pilots and experiments are evaluated.

The guide was written by the Young Foundation and the Office for Public Management as part of the London Collaborative. For more information contact Brigitte Gohdes on 020 7905 3095 brigitte.gohdes@youngfoundation.org

Comments

Collective Efficacy

The issue about people wanting to feel their role will make a difference is interesting. Greater awareness of issues doesn't always increase the likelihood of acting on issues, and can actually lead to a greater sense of powerlessness, and the feeling the individual’s role will not make any difference - notably with environmental stuff. This is where thinking about 'the club' mentality can help. As part of our human nature, we really like to do things that others do and join the 'club'. Being part of a club or gang provides examples of how to behave and helps us to justify our behaviour. This means, for example, rather than saying 40% of people in the UK are overweight, to get the public’s attention and motivate change, we should be saying 60% of people in the UK are not overweight. Doug Mckenzie-Mohr’s site on community-based-social-marketing (http://www.cbsm.com/public/world.lasso) is useful on targeting this 'club' mentality in communities and trying to reduce the sense of powerlessness people feel. The Hub social marketing company web-based “Change Challenge”, works on similar principles, sharing key challenges with other professionals through a live Twitter feed, to build a community around social change, to share knowledge, common interests and opportuities for collaboration (http://www.socialmarketinghub.co.uk/News/change-challenge) Mary Rose Cook, Us Creates

Moving beyond behavioural economics

We need to go beyond behavioural economics to a model which reflects the dynamics of rational psychological and sociological interaction (and which therefore takes into account a moral dimension ie disputed values), rather than just looking from classical economics to behavioural economics. We must not refer to "the community" as if it were homogenous, most of this agenda plays out within conflicting values and sub groups. To take knives as an example, from the perspective of many teenagers carrying a knife is indeed thought of as a "rational" precaution not a macho activity, however seen from the perspective of a wider population this leads to collective enhanced macho activity. Joe Simpson, Director of Politics and Partnerships, Leadership Centre for Local Government

Community cohesion and behaviour change

Barking and Dagenham are working with Havering and Bexley to develop strategies to build community cohesion in areas which have achieved comparatively low scores on NI1. We believe that behaviour change techniques could feature in these strategies and are exploring whether the same tools and approaches (eg the 7 key steps) can be applied in a similar way as on other behaviour change projects. Heather Wills, Head of Community Cohesion and Equalities, London Borough of Barking and Dagenham

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